This image shows layering near the base of the south polar layered deposits (SPLD). Radar observations of these deposits and their northern counterparts show that they are rich in water ice.

The layers apparently record ancient climate changes on Mars, similar to ice ages on Earth. But it has long been recognized that the surface of the SPLD is much older than the surface of the north polar layered deposits (NPLD). By counting the craters preserved on their surfaces, the NPLD is inferred to be less than 1,500 years old, while the surface of the SPLD has many more craters and is therefore many millions of years old.

While we don’t understand why these polar ice deposits have such different ages, they are both likely to preserve valuable information regarding Martian climate evolution.

Written by: Ken Herkenhoff (narration: Tre Gibbs)  (17 March 2021)