HiRISE | Cones and Inflated Lava Flows (ESP_030192

NASA/JPL/University of Arizona

Cones and Inflated Lava Flows
ESP_030192_2020 Science Theme: Volcanic Processes

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A CTX image shows topographic cones in local depressions here. What are these and how did they form?

This image reveals "rootless cones," which form on lava flows that interact with subsurface water. They are in depressions because subsequent lava flowed around the base of the cones, then "inflated." Lava inflation is a process where liquid is injected beneath the solid (thickening) crust and raises the whole surface, often raising it higher than the topography that controlled the initial lava emplacement.

This scene is in Amazonis Planitia, a vast region covered by flood lava. The surface is coated by a thin layer of reddish dust, which avalanches down steep slopes to make dark streaks.

Written by: Alfred McEwen (audio by Tre Gibbs) (20 February 2013)

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Acquisition date:	04 January 2013	Local Mars time:	3:14 PM
Latitude (centered):	21.965 degrees	Longitude (East):	197.807 degrees
Range to target site:	288.0 km (180.0 miles)	Original image scale range:	57.6 cm/pixel (with 2 x 2 binning) so objects ~173 cm across are resolved
Map projected scale:	50 cm/pixel and North is up	Map projection:	EQUIRECTANGULAR
Emission angle:	2.9 degrees	Phase angle:	61.9 degrees
Solar incidence angle:	64 degrees, with the Sun about 26 degrees above the horizon	Solar longitude:	238.2 degrees, Northern Autumn
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North azimuth:	97 degrees	Sub-solar azimuth:	327.0 degrees
For map-projected products
North azimuth:	270 degrees	Sub solar azimuth:	141.4 degrees

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All of the images produced by HiRISE and accessible on this site are within the public domain: there are no restrictions on their usage by anyone in the public, including news or science organizations. We do ask for a credit line where possible: Image: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona

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For information about NASA and agency programs on the Web, visit: http://www.nasa.gov. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Calif., manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Lockheed Martin Space Systems is the prime contractor for the project and built the spacecraft. The HiRISE camera was built by Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation and is operated by the University of Arizona. The image data were processed using the U.S. Geological Survey’s ISIS3 software.