A Defrosting Mess
NASA/JPL-Caltech/UArizona
A Defrosting Mess
ESP_029614_1105  Science Theme: Seasonal Processes
This image is from the high latitudes in the Southern hemisphere, about half-way through southern spring.

Just like on the Earth, the frost layer that accumulates over the winter will disappear as summer approaches and Mars heats up. However, most of this frost is not made of water ice and snow—on Mars, most of the frost/ice is made of carbon dioxide (also known as “dry ice”).

This material will not melt, but instead will go directly from solid into vapor (a process called sublimation) as it heats up (above approximately 147 K, which is -195 F, or -126 C). In doing so, it’ll create all sorts of interesting landforms.

In this image, we can see sublimation spots (small spots where the frost/ice has sublimated away, exposing the darker ground). We also see small fans, which form when jets of gaseous carbon dioxide erupt through a weak spot in the surface ice, ejecting dark surface material that then gets smeared across the surface by the wind (so the different directions of the fans show us how the wind varies across this landscape).

Large darker “flows” are also visible; these are avalanches of material that extend downslope (and scientists are still debating if flows are dry or wet features). In the next few weeks, more of these features will appear and grow, until Mars heats up enough for all of the frost and ice (and sublimation features) to disappear.


References:
Gardin, E., et al. (2010). Defrosting, dark flow features, and dune activity on Mars: Example in Russell crater. J. Geophys. Res. 115, E06016.

Hansen, C.J., et al. (2010). HiRISE observations of gas sublimation-driven activity in Mars' southern polar regions: I. Erosion of the surface. Icarus 205, 283-295.

Kereszturi, A., et al. (2009). Recent rheologic processes on dark polar dunes of Mars: Driven by interfacial water? Icarus 201, 492-503.



Written by: Serina Diniega  (12 December 2012)
 
Acquisition date
20 November 2012

Local Mars time
16:03

Latitude (centered)
-69.511°

Longitude (East)
153.442°

Spacecraft altitude
250.2 km (155.5 miles)

Original image scale range
25.0 cm/pixel (with 1 x 1 binning) so objects ~75 cm across are resolved

Map projected scale
25 cm/pixel

Map projection
Polarstereographic

Emission angle
1.7°

Phase angle
67.2°

Solar incidence angle
69°, with the Sun about 21° above the horizon

Solar longitude
210.1°, Northern Autumn

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North azimuth:  99°
Sub-solar azimuth:  30.9°
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POSTSCRIPT
NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Calif., manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, Washington. The HiRISE camera was built by Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation and is operated by the University of Arizona.